Ensure Optimal Selection with this Comparison of Online Cleaning Solutions for Heat Exchangers and Condensers

Condenser Cleaning Systems compared: Brushes versus Sponge Balls

Select the Optimal System for Performance and Cost-Efficiency

After you’ve decided that on-line cleaning is the right solution to maintain efficiency and to extend both service time between turnarounds and equipment lifespan, the following question presents itself: Which of the available condenser cleaning systems is the best for your project?

In this article, we look at the different options available. Obviously, as a supplier of brush cleaning systems, we cannot be completely unbiased. However, we do our best to present the facts from a neutral standpoint.

Do not hesitate to challenge your project consultant who casually includes ATCS in their design — your long-term interests are at stake.

Brush or Ball cleaning: 2 Condenser Cleaning Systems that work

Germany’s MAN Turbine Manufacturing initiated the development of on-line or continuous condenser cleaning systems for their power plants in the last century. The company asked its two senior engineers (Hermann Heeren and Josef Taprogge) independently to come up with a solution for efficiency loss due to fouling.

Hermann and Josef retreated to their design benches to wrack their brains for the best solution. Inspiration struck both individually, so today there are two on-line cleaning systems on the market. The solutions they devised are as follows.

Brush cleaning by Hermann

  • Nestle brushes in catch baskets at the end of each tube.
  • Place a flow reversal valve between the cooling tower and the condenser.
  • Propel the brushes through the tubes at regular intervals by reversing water flow in the condenser for a short period. The brushes remove all sediment and fouling during the cleaning cycles.

Sponge ball cleaning by Josef

condenser cleaning systems
  • Inject sponge balls into the cold-water pipe from the cooling tower.
  • The balls travel through the condenser tubes and remove fouling on the way.
  • After the condenser, trap the balls in a strainer and keep them in a ball reservoir until the next cycle.

Both condenser cleaning systems proved workable, although Hermann jokingly asked Joseph if he would also recommend using sponges as a tool to avoid scaling in dental hygiene strategy.

But seriously, let’s have a closer look at these two systems. We’ll do so by pointing out the disadvantages of one approach in comparison to the other (click “+” for details).

Disadvantages of brush cleaning

Installation

The installation of the reversal valve in the piping between the condenser and cooling tower needs to be done by a qualified contractor and may be challenging or even impossible in specific projects.

Possible bypass in traditional design reversing valve

Some valve designs (swing pipe or plug valve) have a high internal bypass, which means cold water flows to the warm water side of the valve. The lack of cold water supply during peak loads may cause the chiller to trip.
Modern (swing box) valve designs have addressed this issue and come with zero bypass.

Pipe diameter limitation

Water forces in pipe diameters above 600 mm are too high for reversal valve operations. Other solutions are available via tailored engineering.

Disadvantages of ball cleaning system

Irregular cleaning of tubes outside main stream area

The flow speed in the center of the condenser is higher than those in the periphery, and therefore, the tubes in the center receive more cleanings. Eventually, the sponge balls may get stuck and block the outside tubes that were subject to fouling buildup, which can prove very counterproductive.

Ball wear and tear

Balls suffer from wear and tear or may get lost in the system when they pass the strainer and end up in the cooling tower fill or basin. This may affect the effectiveness of the system.

Operational cost

The balls (as many as one-third of the number of tubes) have an average lifespan of around 1,000 chiller running hours. Considering the price of the balls, this can double the cost of ownership over a functional system lifespan of 10 years. Brushes have an average lifespan of 20,000 chiller hours.

The Pitfall of Neglected Ball Cleaning Systems
Don't let the Solution become your Problem!

Failure to maintain the ball-type condenser cleaning system can result in tube fouling, reducing diameter and compromising efficiency. Subsequent replacement ball addition risks misfitting, leading to tube blockages. Once cleaned tubes become a blockage hazard. Regular maintenance is critical to prevent such issues, ensuring optimal system performance and longevity.

In practice, the recurring issue arises when operators opt to cut costs by neglecting the timely replenishment of sponge balls. This oversight leads to operational challenges and compromises system efficiency. Timely ball replenishment is essential to maintain the optimal performance of these condenser cleaning systems and prevent costly disruptions in the operation of your chiller.

Conclusion on the comparison of these Condenser Cleaning Systems

We can conclude that both systems are effective in avoiding fouling that decreases the condenser’s efficiency and while doing so, minimizing electricity waste from the compressor. As a supplier of continuous tube brushing systems, however, we like to highlight the fact that brushing allows worry-free operation with minimal need for checking and the lowest operating cost.

10-Year Period Total Cost of Ownership Comparison

The Numbers Don't Lie

Our analysis shows that for a 2,000-tube chiller, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a brush ATCS is about US$30,000 lower over 10 years compared to a ball ATCS.

But this is just the headline. The full comparison breaks down:

  • Consumables cost over 10 years (balls vs. brushes)
  • Maintenance and labor requirements
  • Hidden risks that drive unplanned costs
  • Strategic recommendations for consultants and facility managers

Download the Full 23-Page Report (Free)

Want the complete data-backed comparison to guide your next ATCS decision?
Download our ATCS Cost of Ownership Comparison (10-Year Analysis) now.

Simply enter your email below and get instant access to the full report, including a practical Sponge Ball Procurement Checklist.

And remember — if you already operate a ball-type ATCS, cutting costs on replacement balls is a short-sighted and risky move. Using cheap, low-quality balls can actually worsen fouling, cause tube blockages, and multiply the very problems the system was meant to solve.

Read the Full Report

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